囲碁
Surround more of the board than the other colour. Capture by taking a group's last liberty.
The oldest game still played in its original form: from China, at least 2,500 years old, and the subject of the earliest written game rules anywhere. It reached Japan by the 7th century, where the name most of the world knows it by — Go, short for igo — comes from.
別名はWeiqi, 围棋, Baduk, 바둑, Igo。
目的
- Surround more of the board than the other colour. Stones never move once placed, and no line ever wins anything.
- A connected group of one colour with no empty point touching it anywhere is captured whole, off the board at once.
盤
- A square board of 19, 13, 9 lines; 19×19 by default.
- Stones sit on the intersections of the lines, not in the squares between them, so the board has one more point on a side than it has squares. The star points mark the traditional handicap spots.
手順
- Players take turns placing one stone on any empty intersection. Black opens; stones never move once played.
- A stone touches its four orthogonal neighbours, not the diagonals. Play a stone that leaves an adjacent enemy group with no liberty left anywhere and the whole group comes off the board at once.
- You may not play into your own group's last liberty unless the same move captures an enemy group and so opens one. You may not immediately retake the single stone a capture just lifted — the ko rule — though playing anywhere else first, even a pass, clears it.
- Either side may pass instead of playing. Two passes in a row end the game and it is counted: every stone on the board plus every empty point surrounded by one colour alone, with a fixed 6.5-point bonus for white.
細則
- Black always opens.
- The threat reading, hints and the chance-of-winning bar are switched off: there are no lines here, only groups, liberties and territory.
- 19×19 is the full game; 13×13 and 9×9 play much faster and are the usual way to learn. Star points mark the traditional handicap spots.